5.1 Enlightenment

• Enlightenment→ The discovery and embracement after the scientific revolution.
  • Some of the concepts in the enlightenment:
    • Natural rights→ All humans have basic equal rights no matter their social class.
    • Social Contract→Government is supposed to protect its people.
    • Rejection of the religious ideas→ Enlightenment focused on the science and what we think, not how we feel or the traditions.

Effects of the enlightenment:

• Abolition of slavery→ The idea of liberty lead to abolitionist movements that occurred in numerous places in the world.
• Upheavals in the regimes established by empires. → French revolution, American Revolution, Haitian Revolution.
• End of serfdom→ Pretty much the same reason as slavery.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teTYdvjpSoM&list=PLEHRHjICEfDVqlm9W8s3LiDUJDF_M7eBv

5.2 Nationalisms and Revolutions

Ok, so like huge important vocab here:

• Nationalism→ Nationalism is both a dividing and uniting factor. It is a belief or a sense of similarity among the people who share same language, culture, and history.
  • Uniting factor→ Germany and Italy
  • Dividing factor → The Ottoman Empire, British Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, etc.
• Popular Sovereignty→ The government ruled by people for people.
• Democracy&republic→People get some amount of say to the government.

The main factors for these revolutions:

• Nationalism→ Nationalistic idea often separated some groups from a vast empire, leading to breaking of some empires.
• Mercantilism→ The economic policies and practices of many European countries led colonies and settlers to demand freedom and self-governance for their lands.
• Enlightenment(new ideology)→ New ideologies often led to the demand for say in the government and influence among the non upper class people.