5.1 Enlightenment
- Enlightenment→ The discovery and embracement after the scientific revolution.
- Some of the concepts in the enlightenment:
- Natural rights→ All humans have basic equal rights no matter their social class.
- Social Contract→Government is supposed to protect its people.
- Rejection of the religious ideas→ Enlightenment focused on the science and what we think, not how we feel or the traditions.
Effects of the enlightenment:
- Abolition of slavery→ The idea of liberty lead to abolitionist movements that occurred in numerous places in the world.
- Upheavals in the regimes established by empires. → French revolution, American Revolution, Haitian Revolution.
- End of serfdom→ Pretty much the same reason as slavery.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teTYdvjpSoM&list=PLEHRHjICEfDVqlm9W8s3LiDUJDF_M7eBv
5.2 Nationalisms and Revolutions
Ok, so like huge important vocab here:
- Nationalism→ Nationalism is both a dividing and uniting factor. It is a belief or a sense of similarity among the people who share same language, culture, and history.
- Uniting factor→ Germany and Italy
- Dividing factor → The Ottoman Empire, British Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, etc.
- Popular Sovereignty→ The government ruled by people for people.
- Democracy&republic→People get some amount of say to the government.
The main factors for these revolutions:
- Nationalism→ Nationalistic idea often separated some groups from a vast empire, leading to breaking of some empires.
- Mercantilism→ The economic policies and practices of many European countries led colonies and settlers to demand freedom and self-governance for their lands.
- Enlightenment(new ideology)→ New ideologies often led to the demand for say in the government and influence among the non upper class people.